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84% of Pakistani children face psychological abuse

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ost common form of violence suffered by Pakistani children is psychological: report Psychological assault is the most common form of violence experienced by children aged between five and 12 years in Pakistan, reveals a new report. The study titled Prevailing situation of Violence against Children in Pakistan, carried out by the National Commission for Child Welfare and Development, working under the ministry of human rights, highlights the magnitude of various kinds of violence faced by children in Pakistan. The report, on the basis of its findings, indicates that Pakistan is not a secure place for children, as they face violence everywhere from schools and workplaces to homes and markets. The most common type of violence experienced by children is psychological, followed by physical violence and sexual abuse. The research was carried out across Pakistan to assess the prevalence of violence against children in the sample age group. The data was collected from 948 children, of which 4
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Purposes of Business Letter

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There are wide varieties of business letters like circular letter, inquiry letter, order letter, collection letter etc. all these letters serve important and multidimensional business purposes. The major purposes or objectives of writing business letters are discussed below: To exchange information : The main purpose of business letter is to exchange information related to business. Through it, business organizations collect and convey business related information. To establish business relationship : By exchanging information through business letters, new business relationships can be established with various parties and existing relationships can be strengthened. To make inquiry : Another important objective of writing business letter is to make inquiry about people, product, price etc. With the expansion of business operations of a business, importance of business letter is also increasing. To take right decisions : Taking right decisions require accurate information. Si
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Factors to be considered in writing Collection Letter

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Collection letters are written in a series. Each successive letter becomes stronger in tone. However, letters should be written in such a way so as to collect the dues promptly by maintaining relationships with the customers. a through consideration of the following factors may help the seller to achieve the goal of wringing collection letters. Expressing regret : In collection letter, the seller should regret that the account of the customer is still unsettled. Mentioning the dues : The amount of dues, due date of payment, items of sales etc. should be clearly included in the collection letter. Persuading the customer : In writing an effective collection letter, an attempt is to be taken to persuade the customer to pay the bill promptly. Honor to the Customer : The language of his letter should be courteous, polite and gentle. it should be written in a motivating tone. no such word that can hurt the customer should be used/ Considering the nature of customer : In writing colle
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What is informal communication or Grapevine?Characteristics

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Meaning of grapevine or informal communication : When an organization does not follow any prescribed or official rules or procedures of the organization is called  informal communication . The basis of informal communication is spontaneous relationship among the participants. Informal communication system is the opposite system of  formal communication . In this system the communication is made without following any predetermined rules of policy. Informal communication plays a vital role to operate the organization’s activities. When the employees cannot understand the subject matter of the communication, they can discuss with their authority anywhere about the matter as like in the dining table or in the play ground or in the club. Some definitions of informal communication are as follows: According to Bartol and Martin, Informal communication is the takes place without regard to hierarchical or task requirements.” According to Bovee and his associates, “Informal communicatio
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Advantage and disadvantage of formal communication

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The main advantages of formal communication are given below Increase overall efficiency:  This  type of communication  is used by following the predetermined rules so it increases the overall efficiency of the organization. Easy communication system:  The top level management communicates with their employees by using formal downward communication system. Again the employees communicate with their higher authority to use this system. It is very much easy to communicate with each other. Permanent record:  The copy of formal communication is always preserved in the file and it is used as reference. As a result, it is easy to seek the copy of it if necessary. Quick accomplishment of work:  Sometimes the rapid communication is to be needed with the employees. To use the formal  downward communication  system it is possible to communicate with the employees quickly. So the work may be done timely. Maintenance of discipline:  Under the formal communication system the workers are boun
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Role of Mass Communication in Business

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Mass communication is an indispensable part of business. Business activities would be restricted without mass media. In this post modern age, the success of business largely depends on mass communication. The role of mass communication in business is mentioned below- Launching business : Media of mass communication are used to make wide circulation of news regarding forming and launching a new business. Mass media can bring the matter to the knowledge of concerned parties very quickly and seek their patronization and support. Advertising products and services : Mass communication plays a vital role in adverting products and services. Mass media like radio, television, newspapers and magazines are the prime vehicles of advertisement. Through advertisement on mass media, businesses can persuade potential customers easily. Informing market demand and supply : Equilibrium condition of demand and supply of goods in the market is essential for market stabilization. If there is more d
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What is Market Report? Characteristics of Market Report

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What is Market Report? Market is regarded as the heart of economy. When reports are prepared on the basis of ever-changing behavior of market, it is known as market report. Thus, market report is a written document containing information related to the transactions of a particular product in a particular market. Generally, market report is a report related to market operations. In the broader sense, when a report is prepared on the basis of buying and selling, demand, supply, price fluctuations, market tendency, price index, method of price determination, transfer of title etc. of a particular product in a particular market place at a specified time, it is called market report. That means, market report is a written document prepared on the transactions of a particular product in a particular market place at a particular time. According to  Dr. A. M. Lorenzo , “A market report is an index to business condition prevailing in a particular market at a specified period or on a fixed
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