DOMESTICATION History and Orientation Households are seen as part of a transactional system of economic and social relations within the formal or more objective economy and society of the public sphere. Within this framework households are seen as being actively engaged with the products and meanings of this formal, commodity- and individual based economy. This engagement involved the appropriation of the commodities into domestic culture – they are domesticated – and through that appropriation they are incorporated and redefined in different terms, in accordance with the household’s own values and interests. Core Assumptions and Statements Domestication deals with the cultural, social and technological networks of the everyday life of households. The meanings and significance of all our media and information products depend on the participation of the user (Silverstone, 1996). Four phases describe the concept of domestication. Appropriation: When a technology leaves the ...
UNDERSTANDING SPEAKER’S INTENTION (in Dutch: taalhandelingen) History and Orientation Speech act theory is built on the foundation laid by Wittgenstein and Austin. John Searle is most often associated with the theory. Ludwig Wittgenstein began a line of thought called ‘ordinary language philosophy’. He taught that the meaning of language depends on its actual use. Language, as used in ordinary life, is a language game because it consists of rules. In other words, people follow rules to do things with the language. Core Assumptions and Statements According to Searle, to understand language one must understand the speaker’s intention. Since language is intentional behavior, it should be treated like a form of action. Thus Searle refers to statements as speech acts. The speech act is the basic unit of language used to express meaning, an utterance that expresses an intention. Normally, the speech act is a sentence, but it can be a word or phrase as long as it follows the rules...
ALTERCASTING A tactic for persuading people by forcing them in a social role, so that they will be inclined to behave according to that role. History and orientation Although the term altercasting is used quite frequently, it is not a very well-known or elaborated theory of persuasion. Core assumptions When a person accepts a certain social role, a number of social pressures are brought to bear to insure that the role is enacted. The social environment expects the person to behave in a manner that is consistent with the role; the role also provides the person with selective exposure to information consistent with the role. Altercasting means that we ‘force’ an audience to accept a particular role that make them behave in the way we want them to behave. There are two basic forms of altercasting: Manded altercasting means that we ‘tell’ people who they are (or are supposed to be) by making an existing role salient (‘You as a Christian should....’), by placing other...
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